Stir the water, kosher salt, and 1/4 cup brown sugar in a big bowl until everything dissolves.
Drop in the pork chops, cover, and refrigerate for at least 4 hours—or just let them soak overnight if you’ve got time to spare.
Take the chops out of the brine, pat them dry, and let them rest at room temp for about 30 minutes.
Rub both sides with olive oil.
Mix the black pepper, garlic powder, onion powder, and smoked paprika in a small bowl.
Coat each chop on all sides with this spice blend.
Heat your oven to 400°F.
While it warms up, sear the pork chops in a cast-iron skillet over medium-high heat, about 3 minutes per side. You want a good crust.
Brush each chop with melted butter and sprinkle the tops with the rest of the brown sugar.
Slide the skillet into the oven and roast for 20–25 minutes, until the center hits 140–145°F.
Let the pork chops rest for 10 minutes before slicing.